Know Your Stuff: Breakin’ Down the Roth IRA

Investing in your retirement has never been more important than it is now. With the current state of the economy, there’s not much of a reason to have faith that you’re social security payments will provide much stability to you in your golden years. With the rising costs of living and pretty much everything else, social security contributions can’t and won’t keep up with inflation, and what may barely pay your bills now certainly won’t pay them when you’re 65.

This leads us to the following, inevitable fallback plan:  start piling up your own source of future income.  Since retirement planning is such a vitally important part of everyone’s long term plan, the government has blessed us with the Roth IRA. Keep on reading for a few basics that you need to know to get started with one:

• A Roth IRA is an Independant Retirement Account which allows you to save money for retirement by contributing a set amount of money per year and letting you earn interest through investments.
• Roth IRA’s currently have a contribution limit of $5,000 a year, considering that your earned income falls below $101,000.
• The major difference between a Roth IRA and a Traditional IRA is that you are not penalized and charged a fee if you take out your contributions (not your earnings) before you retire.
• The Roth IRA is 100% completely tax-free when you make your withdrawals after your retirement age. Kiplinger gives this startling (and inspiring) example: If a 25-year-old contributes $5,000 each year until she retires and makes an average annual return of 8% on her investment, she’ll have $1.4 million saved by the time she retires at age 65. If that same 25-year-old invested that same $5,000 a year in a regular taxable account earning the same 8% return, she’d only have about $1 million after 40 years if her earnings were taxed at 15% federal. That’s more than one-fourth less money than if she’d gone with the Roth.
  

There is really no excuse against opening a Roth IRA account. It will only benefit you and it also offers this additional bonus:

• You are allowed to take out up to $10,000 tax and penalty free to purchase your first home. This is per person, so if you and your significant other both have a Roth IRA, this would give you a $20,000 limit.

To open a Roth IRA Account, you need to first decide what you feel most comfortable investing in. A lot of people choose to go the mutual fund route because it offers a more diverse portfolio (investing in many different industries as opposed to just focusing in on say, real estate). There are a few places where you can open a Roth IRA:

• A bank – this is a good choice if you want to invest in COD’s (Certificates of Deposit) and Money Market Accounts, which are less risky investments.
• A Fund Company like T. Rowe Price or Vanguard is a good choice for mutual funds because you will have a professional choosing your stocks. For these funds, you normally need around $2,500 to start, and they will usually waive the minimum if you sign up for monthly automatic deposits into your account.
• A Brokerage Firm – this is a good choice for a more seasoned investor to purchase individual stocks and bonds. Usually the same $2,500 minimum applies, but these companies tend to charge hefty fees when it comes to each trade and maintaining the account. You should always double check to make sure your fees won’t hurt you.

If you’re young, going the Vanguard route may be the way to go – you have plenty of time to increase your earnings with a much higher return compared to a traditional COD.  It’s also the best way to get a well-rounded and diversified portfolio for your money without paying huge management fees.

But if the idea of calling up an investment company is still a little daunting, set up a meeting with a financial advisor at your current banking institution.  It’s free, and they’ll be able to set you up quickly with an IRA account or at the least, give you a sampling of helpful information to get you started on the right path.

A Surefire Way to Spend your Retirement in the Poor House

After speaking to various older coworkers and family members, I’ve come to the realization that it’s not only the younger generations that need a crash course in personal finance — many of the ones closing in on retirement need a refresher course too.

The red flag that signifies this need for a major overhaul of financial planning and education is the fact that people seem genuinely surprised when they’re five years away from retirement and lose 50% of their 401(k)’s because they kept all their holdings in stocks.    I think most people would roll their eyes if someone took $100,000 of their savings and gambled it away in a casino, yet we’re shocked and appalled when a 60-year old loses half of their retirement savings because of having a majority of  stock holdings.  This isn’t bad luck — this is bad planning.

Take for instance my father.  At 62 years old, he’s getting close to the day when he’ll be able to kick back, relax, and maybe play a little golf.  Or will he?  In October, he lost a good chunk of his 401(k) after the stock market plummeted.  Although he had amassed a nice pile of retirement cash and had a strong company match, he neglected to check on where his holdings laid — which turned out to be completely in stocks — and lost half of his savings.  I love my father dearly — he’s an intelligent man, but that clearly wasn’t the smartest of moves.

Over the past 25 years, companies have become varied and (somewhat) generous with their retirement plans, offering a myriad of pensions and 401(k)’s.  And for the most part, I think that’s great.  But someone has to be responsible for educating people in what these plans actually do and what risks are inherent in each of them.  As a country that emphasizes the importance of wealth building,  we are seriously falling short in our ability to educate our citizens on how to prepare themselves for the financial future.

This lack of personal financial knowledge when it comes to the risks and uncertainties of investing, is going to keep hurting uninformed individuals unless we start focusing on financial education.  I think we need to start with our high school and college students and not stop until work our way up to Gen Xers and Baby Boomers who haven’t yet clearly mapped out their future finances.

Stock markets do nose dive, like we recently witnessed, and until we start educating the masses about their investments, the people that lack a basic financial know-how will be the ones who come out of it marred and flat broke.